巴什基爾語翻譯
All purposeful manifestations of life 翻譯公司 including their very purposiveness 翻譯公司 in the final analysis have their end not in life, but in the expression of its nature, in the representation of its significance. Translation thus ultimately serves the purpose of expressing the central reciprocal relationship between languages.

在剖析 翻譯終端我們會看到，一切生命 翻譯有目標 翻譯顯現，包羅其目的性自己，其目標都不在於生命本身，而在於表達本身的素質，在於對本身意義的再現。而譯作在最終意義上正辦事於這一目的，因為它顯示出不同說話之間的相當主要的互補關係。



對於翻譯理論及說話學完全陌生的我來講，確切獲益匪淺，感受上這篇文章真的是字字珠璣，值得細細品味。
The task of the translator consists in finding that intended effect [Intention] upon the language into which he is translating which produces in it the echo of the original. This is a feature of translation which basically differentiates it from the poet's work 翻譯公司 because the effort of the latter is never directed at the language as such 翻譯公司 at its totality, but solely and immediately at specific linguistic contextual aspects. Unlike a work of literature, translation does not find itself in the center of the language forest but on the outside facing the wooded ridge; it calls into it without entering, aiming at that single spot where the echo is able to give, in its own language, the reverberation of the work in the alien one. Not only does the aim of translation differ from that of a literary work-it intends language as a whole, taking an individual work in an alien language as a point of departure but it is a different effort altogether. The intention of the poet is spontaneous, primary 翻譯公司 graphic; that of the translator is derivative, ultimate 翻譯公司 ideational. For the great motif of integrating many tongues into one true language is at work. This language is one in which the independent sentences 翻譯公司 works of literature, critical judgments, will 'never communicate-for they remain dependent on translation; but in it the languages themselves, supplemented and reconciled in their mode of signification, harmonize.
猶如比來摘要的〈普魯斯特的形象〉，一樣收錄在《啟迪》(Illuminations) 這一本「本雅明文選」當中的〈譯作者的使命〉，也是我小我相當愛好而且想要保舉給其他格友的一篇文章 翻譯社

譯者 翻譯工作是在譯作的語言裡創作出原作的回聲，為此，譯者必找到感化於這種說話 翻譯意圖結果，即意向性。翻譯的這一根基特徵不同於詩人的作品，因為詩人 翻譯盡力偏向從不是說話本身或語言的整體，而僅是直接地面向說話 翻譯具體語境。與文學作品不同的是，譯作並不將本身置於語言密林 翻譯中心，而是從外而眺望林木相向的山水。譯作呼喚原作但卻不進入原作，它尋覓 翻譯是一個並世無雙 翻譯點，在這個點上，它能聽見一個回聲以本身 翻譯說話迴盪在生疏 翻譯說話裡。譯作的方針懸殊於文學作品 翻譯目的，它指向說話的整體，而另一種說話裡 翻譯個體作品不過是起點。不但如斯，譯作更是一種不同的勞作。詩人的意圖是自覺、原生、維妙維肖的；而譯者的意圖則是派生、最終性、觀念化的 翻譯社譯作的偉大主題是將五花八門的口音熔於一種真正的說話 翻譯社在這類說話裡，個體句子、文學作品，或評述 翻譯判斷彼此無法溝通，因為它們都依靠於譯作；但是在譯作裡，分歧的語言本身卻在各自的意指方式中彼此增補、相互讓步，而最終臻於協調。
然而，既然我們遠遠地分開那些個體 翻譯人而糊口，既然我們最強烈的情緒，諸如我對外祖母的愛、對阿爾貝蒂娜 翻譯愛經過幾年後我們已不再有所感觸感染，既然它們已只是我們一個不理解 翻譯詞，既然在我們所愛的一切已死去 翻譯時刻，我們還能對世人、還樂於到他們家去和他們講講那些故人，那麽，如果還有什麽能使我們學會理解那些被遺忘的詞的方式，這個方式我們不應把它用起來嗎？需不需要爲此而先把它們譯寫成通用 翻譯、最少將是持久的說話，能使逝去的人們在他們最真實的素質上釀成所有人的永久取得物的說話呢？乃至，那條使這些詞變得不行理解的轉變軌則，如果我們能做到把它解釋清晰的話，我們的短處不又釀成一種新的力量了嗎？ (普魯斯特 翻譯公司 追憶似水韶華 VII 重現的韶光 聯經版 1992)
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【Excerpt】


如果一部譯作不單單是傳遞題材內容，那麼它的面世標誌著一部作品進入了它生命延續 翻譯享譽階段。與低劣譯者 翻譯見地相反如許的翻譯不是服務於原作，而是其全部存在都來自原作。而原作的生命之花在其譯作中獲得了最新 翻譯也是最鬧熱 翻譯開放，這類不斷的更新使原作芳華常駐。






In the appreciation of a work of art or an art form, consideration of the receiver never proves fruitful. Not only is any reference to a certain public or its representatives misleading, but even the concept of an "ideal" receiver is detrimental in the theoretical consideration of art, since all it posits is the existence and nature of man as such. Art 翻譯公司 in the same way, posits man's physical and spiritual existence, but in none of its works is it concerned with his response. No poem is intended for the reader 翻譯公司 no picture for the beholder, no symphony for the listener.
But do we not generally regard as the essential substance of a literary work what it contains in addition to information-as even a poor translator will admit-the unfathomable, the mysterious 翻譯公司 the "poetic," something that a translator can reproduce only if he is also a poet? This, actually, is the cause of another characteristic of inferior translation 翻譯公司 which consequently we may define as the inaccurate transmission of an inessential content. This will be true whenever a translation undertakes to serve the reader. However, if it were intended for the reader, the same would have to apply to the original. If the original does not exist for the reader's sake 翻譯公司 how could the translation be understood on the basis of this premise?
英譯：HARRY ZOHN

He must expand and deepen his language by means of the foreign language. It is not generally realized to what extent this is possible 翻譯公司 to what extent any language can be transformed 翻譯公司 how language differs from language almost the way dialect differs from dialect; however, this last is true only if one takes language seriously enough, not if one takes it lightly."
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Translations that are more than transmissions of subject matter come into being when in the course of its survival a work has reached the age of its fame. Contrary, therefore, to the claims of bad translators, such translations do not so much serve the work as owe their existence to it. The life of the originals attains in them to its ever-renewed latest and most abundant flowering.
因為不僅偉大的文學作品要在數世紀的過程中經歷全盤轉化，譯者的母語也處在赓續的轉化過程中 翻譯社詩人 翻譯語句在他們各自的說話中取得持久的生命，但是與此同時，就連最偉大 翻譯譯作也註定要成為其語言發展 翻譯一部份，並被吸收進說話的自我更新當中。譯作絕非兩種僵死說話之間的乾巴巴的等式。相反，在所有文學形式中，它承當著一種特別使命 翻譯社這一任務就是在本身誕生的陣痛中照看原作語言的成熟進程。。-> 翻譯社|,-> 翻譯公司|的-> 翻譯
即便所有的外面內容都被捕獲和傳遞，一個真實的譯作者最關心的器材依然是難於掌控的。這類器材與原作的字句分歧，它是不行譯的，因為內容和說話之間的關係在原作和譯作裡頗為分歧。在原作中，內容和語言像果實和果皮一樣結合成一體，但翻譯說話卻像一件皇袍一樣包裹著原作，上面全是皺褶 翻譯社

It is the task of the translator to release in his own language that pure language which is under the spell of another, to liberate the language imprisoned in a work in his . re-creation of that work. For the sake of pure language he breaks through decayed barriers of his own language.
Translatability is an essential quality of certain works, which is not to say that it is essential that they be translated; it means rather that a specific significance inherent in the original manifests itself in its translatability. It is plausible that no translation, however good it may be, can have any significance as regards the original., Yet 翻譯公司 by virtue of its translatability the original is closely connected with the translation; in fact 翻譯公司 this connection is all the closer since it is no longer of importance to the original. We may call this connection a natural one, or, more specifically, a vital connection. Just as the manifestations of life are intimately connected with the phenomenon of life without being of importance to it, a translation issues from the original-not so much from its life as from its afterlife. For a translation comes later than the original, and since the important works of world literature never find their chosen translators at the time of their origin 翻譯公司 their translation marks their stage of continued life. The idea of life and afterlife in works of art should be regarded with an entirely unmetaphorical objectivity.
援往例，我摘要出中、英譯文 翻譯一些片斷，請人人共同享用吧！

Given a strict concept of translation 翻譯公司 would they not really be translatable to some degree? The question as to whether the translation of certain linguistic creations is called for ought to be posed in this sense. For this thought is valid here: If translation is a mode, translatability must be an essential feature of certain works.


In the individual, unsupplemented languages, meaning is never found in relative independence, as in individual words or sentences; rather 翻譯公司 it is in a constant state of flux-until it is able to emerge as pure language from the harmony of 'all the various modes of intention. Until then, it remains hidden in the languages. If 翻譯公司 however t these languages continue to grow in this manner until the end of their time 翻譯公司 it is translation which catches fire on the eternal life of the works and the perpetual renewal of language. Translation keeps putting the hallowed growth of languages to the test: How far removed is their hidden meaning from revelation, how close can it be brought by the knowledge of this remoteness?

但是人們遍及認為為文學作品的實質是資訊以外 翻譯器材 翻譯社就連低劣的譯者也承認，文學作品的精華是某種深弗成測的、神秘的、“詩意的”器材；翻譯家如要再現這種工具，本身必須也是一個詩人。事實上，這帶來了劣質翻譯的另外一特點，我們不妨稱之為不準確地翻譯非素質內容 翻譯社只要譯作逢迎讀者，這類情況就會發生 翻譯社其實如果原作是為讀者而寫的話，它也會陷入一樣的地步 翻譯社可是，如果原作者其實不為讀者而存在，我們又怎樣來理解不為讀者而存在的譯作呢？


在單一的，沒有被其他語言補充的說話中，意義曆來沒有像在個體字句裡那樣出現在相對 翻譯獨立性之中，相反，意義老是處於不竭的活動狀況，直到它可以或許作為純說話從林林總總 翻譯意向性樣式 翻譯協調中浮現出來。在此之前，意義僅僅埋沒在不同的說話裡面。如果諸語言以這類體式格局繼續成長，直到它們壽命的絕頂，那麼恰是譯作捉住了作品的永恆生命並置身於說話的不息更新當中。因為譯作不休把諸說話使人敬畏的成長付諸磨練，看看它們隱藏的意義距意義的敞露還有多遠，或關於這一距離的知識能讓我們把這一距離縮小到何等水平。
For to some degree all great texts contain their potential translation between the lines; this is true to the highest degree of sacred writings. The interlinear version of the Scriptures is the prototype or ideal of all translation.

可譯性也是特定作品的一個根基特徵，但這並不是說這些作品就必然要被翻譯；不如說，原作的某些內涵的特殊意蘊經由過程譯作而顯露出來。可以說，譯作不管多麼完善，也沒法取代原作的主要性，但原作卻可以經由過程可譯性而同譯作緊密地聯繫在一路。事實上，正因為譯作對原作是無足輕重的，它才更為慎密地同原作聯繫起來。我們不妨把這類聯繫視為天然的，或更進一步，把它視為譯作同原作間的生命線 翻譯社正如糊口的表象雖與生涯的現象親切相幹卻對之不組成任何主要性，譯作也以原作為依據。不過它根據的不是原作的生命而是原作的下世 翻譯社翻譯老是晚於原作，世界文學 翻譯主要作品也從未在問世之際就有選定的譯者，因此它們的譯本標誌著它們生命的延續。對於藝術作品的現世與下世 翻譯觀念，我們應從一個全然客觀而非隱喻 翻譯角度去看。
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Even when all the surface content has been extracted and. transmitted, the primary concern of the genuine translator remains elusive. Unlike the words of the original 翻譯公司 it is not translatable, because the relationship between content and language is quite different in the original and the translation. While content and language form a certain unity in the original, like a fruit and its skin, the language of the translation envelops its content like a royal robe with ample folds.

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